Category Archives: History

J. H. Kellogg – the flake of the family

RtB Contest #4!

Big fat ol’ Hershey bar (either in person or through the mail) goes to the winner! Ready?

Who is this?

As usual, sorry Mavis…you ain’t allowed to participate. :-)

Send your answer by email: ratfink at finkweb . org

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If you’ve ever seen the movie The Road to Wellville (and I’m not sure I’d recommend it; it’s one of the more bizarre films I’ve seen), you know it’s a send-up of the Kellogg family — namely, John Harvey Kellogg and his wife — and their health spa in Battle Creek, Michigan in the early 1900s.

Now if you’re thinking that John was the cereal guy, you’d be partly correct. He experimented with grains, making them into edible breakfast foods for his patients at the spa. Then his brother, Will Keith Kellogg, went to work for John as a bookkeeper — until a huge tiff sent Will packing.

But I’m getting ahead of myself. Strange story regarding how Corn Flakes came about…

Dr. John ran the Battle Creek Sanitarium, where he practiced his beliefs that whole grains and other nutritious foods (not meat, however) would make for a better life. So far, so good. When younger brother Will went to work for him, he (Will) began to experiment in the kitchens for a digestible substitute for bread. According to the W. K. Kellogg Foundation website, here’s what happened:

By accident, he let stand [overnight] a batch of boiled wheat. When he returned the next day, the “tempered” wheat had turned into flakes. From this discovery came Corn Flakes…”

Eureka. They eventually substituted corn for the wheat, and a new food was born. The feud started when Will, seeing dollar signs and marketing campaigns, told his older brother that the new flaking process should be kept secret. John, on the other hand, wouldn’t hear of it, and allowed anyone and everyone to wander through the kitchens to watch the cereal being made.

Big mistake.

Why? Because one of the wanderers was a guy named C. W. Post. He was amazed at the process, went off on his own and copied it, and founded the Post Cereal Company, which stood for decades as Kellogg’s main competitor. Yikes.

Will got so steamed that he packed his bags and left his brother’s employ. He later went on to form his own cereal company, and the rest is history. Launching out on his own also gave him the freedom to make the other change his brother would never consent to: putting sugar in the corn flakes recipe.

Surely that idea would never work….

But let’s get back to Johnny.

Being strict Seventh Day Adventists, and adhering to the religion’s ideals about optimum health, John and his wife were vegetarians. No problem there. Whatever gets you through the night. But John took things a bit further. He believed:

  1. The coupling of a man and a woman was “the sewer drain of a healthy body,” and should only be entered into when children were the intended result. He was married to his wife for over forty years, and never once did they….you know.
  2. Enemas cured everything. (That’s all I’m going to say about that.)
  3. Eugenics (controversial movement devoted to creating a better world by improving the human gene pool) was a necessary ingredient to maintain the purity of the American race. Immigrants and non-whites polluted the gene pool. He told the National Conference of Race Betterment in 1915, “The world needs a new aristocracy — a real aristocracy made up of Apollos and Venuses and their fortunate progeny” (New York Times archive)
  4. Intense, invasive hydrotherapy (I’m thinking that’s colonics on steroids, friend) and electric shock did a body good.

That said, he did do some good work, too. His biggest push was for government control of tobacco, which he claimed, in 1922, would bring about “the physiological, pathological, nutritional, eugenic, moral, and economic devastation” of the country. His efforts went all the way to Washington, where anti-tobacco legislation was introduced. Obviously, he was unsuccessful in convincing Congress to outlaw cigarettes.

So anyway…next time you’re munching on your Corn Flakes, Frosted Flakes, Apple Jacks, Special K, All Bran, Frosted Mini Wheats, Froot Loops, Cocoa Krispies, Rice Krispies, or Raisin Bran (the “two scoops of raisins” variety), think of the corny flake who started the whole crazy business.

Fink out (to get some Shredded Wheat).

Happy, happy

Update!

Thanks to my wonderful sister Mavis, I now know the name of the ship my dad served on during the Korean War. This picture of the heavy cruiser USS Salem was taken in June 1952 — heck, Dad could have been on it when the photo was snapped. Cool.

Thanks, Mave!

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And a fond Memorial Day to all. How about a tribute to a veteran this morning?

Today I shall honor my wonderful dad.

If you’ve read me for long, you know that he was not my biological father. But I he was always, and always will be “Dad” to Mavis and me.

Charles Collins was born on 26 July 1933 in extreme southern Illinois, in a town of about 6,000 called DuQuoin. It doesn’t even rank a name on the map, so I gave it one myself. (It’s about 90 miles southeast of St. Louis, MO.) Anyway, we’re talking bigtime hillbilly country. Yowza. I remember visiting my great-aunt Nina (pronounced Nye-nah, of course) one weekend, and she was cooking cabbage to make for the week’s meals. Dear God in heaven. I had to stay outside in the sweltering heat, as opposed to going inside (where it was also sweltering) and smelling the cooking cabbage. I about gagged. Dad was amused, however. Anyway, I have never been able to stomach cabbage since.

Dad graduated from Geneseo (Illinois) High School in 1951, as the Korean War was heating up, and enlisted in the US Navy. He served in the Mediterranean, on a destroyer whose name I can’t recall, and I’m too lazy to go upstairs and unearth his Navy records from the attic, so it shall remain nameless.

I *think* this photo was taken in St. Mark’s Square in Venice. Let me know if that doesn’t look right. (Click on the photo for a larger view.)

Somewhere — maybe Mavis has it — is a picture someone took of Dad diving off the side of the ship, into the Mediterranean Sea. For those who don’t know, the deck of a Navy ship is extremely high above the surface of the water. You’d never get me to do that in a million years…

Anyhow, after his years of Navy service, Dad came home, worked and saved money, and then went on the GI Bill to Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois. This is his college graduation picture. Shortly thereafter, he met my mom, and the rest is history, as you may have read before.

He gave Mavis and me a great life.  He adopted us and loved us like his own. He and my mom never had any children together, so Mave and I were “it.” He didn’t ever mention that fact, or seem to care about it. We were enough for him — likely in more ways than one. We probably drove him insane; he just never let us know it.

This is one of the last photos taken of Dad, circa early 90s. Even in his 60s, he had like 5 gray hairs. Not fair. He died in December of 1995, and is buried, alongside my mom, at the Florida National Cemetery in Bushnell.

He is my favorite veteran, and I’m thinking of him on Memorial Day.

Love you, Dad.

You couldn’t torquemada anything

Yes, that’s probably my all-time favorite production number in any movie musical. It’s embarrassing to admit, but there you have it.

Have you ever seen Mel Brooks’s History of the World Part I ? If not, then nevermind. It’s like an auto da fé : it’s what you auto not do, but you do anyway.

:-)

But seriously – speaking of the Spanish Inquisition…

There really was a bad guy named Torquemada. And what’s worse, he was a bad guy for God. (I’m sure God was not happy about this — at least I hope He wasn’t.) Funny how, in the history of humankind, much of the cruelest and most hideous physical, mental and emotional torture inflicted on people by other people was in the name of God.

It’s all over the place today, too, but once again, I digress.

Anyway, my sis and I are reading a series of books (historical fiction) about the reign of Henry VIII of England, and the drama that followed him around on account of his six wives. One of them, Catherine of Aragon, was the daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain — Ferdinand being the guy who started the Inquisition to make sure people behaved themselves and didn’t think any thoughts except those deemed acceptable to the Catholic Church.

See, Ferd was a smart guy. He needed money for his wars against the Moors and Jews (who stood to net him lots of loot, since they were a prosperous lot), so he conspired with the Pope to start rooting out the heathens, initially forcing them to “buy” a pardon from the Vatican. When that wasn’t enough, they had to find a way to make everybody sorry. Enter Tomás de Torquemada.

The torture used in the Inquisition is part truth, part folklore. Of course, you had your standard-issue burning, whereby a heretic would be dragged to a huge wood pile, chained to a stake in the middle of it, and torched. But there were other, more hideous ways of getting someone to admit he had an impure thought against the Christian church, and Torquemada was the heavyweight champeen of coming up with them.

I won’t elaborate on it here, but if you do a search on “waterboarding,” you’ll see all you need to see on it. The most often-used method was the rack, where limbs were slowly pulled from their joints. Nice.

Did I mention that all this was done in the name of God? (Ok, and money.) Oh, and get this. If you were penitent — that is, if you admitted your guilt and said you were really, really sorry — you got to be garroted (choked to death) before you were burned. How cool is that?

The self-righteously pious are so considerate. Hmm, did I use present tense here?

Courage

“So, eleven hundred men went in the water; three hundred sixteen men come out. The sharks took the rest.”

The above is a quote from the movie Jaws, when the character named Quint (played by actor Robert Shaw) told the tale of being on the USS Indianapolis during World War II. I don’t know how I ended up on this particular site, but last night I read about the torpedo sinking of the Indianapolis in 1945.

It is still considered the worst naval disaster in United States history.

The story wasn’t totally unfamiliar to me; I vaguely associated the Indianapolis with sharks. I knew that some of the men thrown into the water (and who languished, unrescued, for days) were eaten by sharks. The terror they must have felt is unimaginable. But even more amazing are the stories of the survivors.

One such story was told by Woody James. Read this if you have time today. It is a testament of the will to live finally winning over the desolation and horror of being left for dead, and watching (and hearing) your friends die around you.

Several twists make the story of the Indianapolis even more interesting. For instance, this was the ship that delivered the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima to end the war. A Japanese sub destroyed the ship while it was on its way back home to prepare for a subsequent invasion of Japan…

Then there’s the story of the court-martial of the captain of the Indy, with survivors going to their graves swearing that it was the Navy — and not Capt. McVay — who disgraced the country with “conduct unbecoming.” McVay’s story (and you really must read it all) ended like so:

McVay was found guilty on the charge of failing to zigzag. The court sentenced him to lose 100 numbers in his temporary rank of Captain, and 100 numbers in his permanent rank of Commander, thus ruining his Navy career. In 1946, at the behest of Admiral Nimitz, who had become Chief of Naval Operations, Secretary Forrestal remitted [forgave] McVay’s sentence and restored him to duty. McVay served out his time in the New Orleans Naval District and retired in 1949 with the rank of Rear Admiral. He took his own life in 1968.

McVay’s experience parallels that of the only other naval captain to be court-martialed for decisions based on conditions beyond his control. William Turner, captain of the doomed RMS Lusitania, was also used as a scapegoat by his country’s navy.

The final oddity concerns the very person who yelled “Fire!” (in Japanese, of course) and caused the Indianapolis tragedy. He would return to the lives of the survivors in a strange and intensely personal way.

Every now and then, we need to be reminded of the bravery of people who did and saw things in the name of their country that you and I could likely never comprehend. And some, like McVay and Turner, endured humiliations perpetrated by their own governments that rivaled their suffering in battle. Take 30 minutes and read about their incredible courage. You won’t be sorry. In fact, you’ll be better for it. And smarter.

Fink out.

Photo and stories: ussindianapolis.org, lusitania.net

Cinéma diabolique

Yeah, I’m on about Sweeney Todd again. Who knew? Actually, I watched a DVD extra from the film (thanks, Sam), and it got me thinking about a genre of theater that only lasted about 50 years, but made a big impression — obviously — on many filmmakers of our generation.While making Sweeney, director Tim Burton envisioned a movie reminiscent of the Grand Guignol tradition of live theater. So, what was this deliciously evil brand of entertainment, anyway?

Grand Guignol (let’s first get the French right: it’s pronounced “grawn geen-yol”) was the name given to a type of play performed in Paris, beginning around the turn of the 20th century. Its creator, a controversial playwright named Menetier, bought an old chapel and converted it into a theater where he could freely show his works, which often depicted the dregs of society doing scandalous things. He eventually sold the theater to another guy, who decided to convert the Theatre du Grand Guignol into a horror palace.

The plays got increasingly macabre and violent. More and more liberties were taken to see just how realistic a murder scene could become. Grand Guignol was in its heyday, and the theater often attracted the high society of Paris, as well as its share of tourists — all of them looking for the ultimate gross-out. They got it. The actual plot of the story didn’t seem to matter, as long as it was gruesome, bloody and realistic.

It had the desired effect, too. In his book, The Grand Guignol: Theatre of Fear and Terror, Mel Gordon says:

At one performance, six people passed out when an actress, whose eyeball was just gouged out, re-entered the stage, revealing a gooey, blood-encrusted hole in her skull. Backstage, the actors themselves calculated their success according to the evening’s faintings. During one play that ended with a realistic blood transfusion, a record was set: fifteen playgoers had lost consciousness. Between sketches, the cobble-stoned alley outside the theatre was frequented by hyperventilating couples and vomiting individuals.

Awesome.

The GG eventually died out in the 1960s, but it’s enjoying a renaissance out in San Francisco right now.

Indeed, the effect of Grand Guignol on mainstream film was felt long before Burton’s Sweeney Todd – many times throughout the 50s and 60s, most notably.

But hey, remember the movie, Interview With the Vampire ? It’s based on one of my all-time favorite series of novels (The Vampire Chronicles by Anne Rice). Here’s the original trailer for the 1994 film, starring Tom Cruise. Brad Pitt was in it too, and it also featured a very young Kirsten Dunst. I loved it. Anyway, in that movie, there is a scene in which the vampires of Paris put on a play in the Théâtre des Vampires — a takeoff on the Grand Guignol Theatre.

The only difference, of course, was that in the play they performed, the audience had the unfortunate experience of slowly realizing that the human sacrifice depicted onstage was, in fact, quite real…

So rent Interview this weekend and watch it with your hunny. I might blow the dust off my VHS copy of it and share a cinematic memory of days gone by, when Tom Cruise was actually *not* a wackjob.

Vive la Grand Guignol!

Le Rongeur de Finque